Gr. ἄφρων [adj.] ‘senseless’: a Reassessment

نویسندگان

چکیده

The present article offers a reassessment of Hom. ἄφρων [adj.] ‘unreasonable, senseless, foolish’, which is traditionally accounted for as an ablauting compound (of the type πατήρ : πάτωρ) based on simplex φρένες [f.pl.tant.] ‘midriff, diaphragm’ (+Il.). This archaic pattern (viz. °φρων vs. φρήν*) totally unparalleled body parts; besides, Ancients’ interpretation ‘diaphragm’ flawed. Φρονέω ‘to have (good) understanding or intelligence’ back-formation coined after φρονέω act senselessly, to be foolish’. From zero-graded φραίνω (via synchronic reanalysis -αίνω deverbative suffix °φαίνω), adverb * φρα-δόν ‘senselessly, foolishly’ was eventually coined, starting point whole new group. this group reanalyzed “new” root √φραδ- heed, consider’, reflected by φράζω. lack comparative evidence sprawling word family leads author assume that ‘senseless, fool, heedless’ in fact reflex PIE etymon *ń ̥ -gʷʱr(h1)-on- ‘without sense smell, not able scenting’, from *gʷʱreh1- smell’ (cf. Ved. jí-ghr-a- < *gʷʱí-gʷʱr(h1)-V-). verbal νήφων [*-on-adj.] ‘sober’ (< *ń̥ -h1gʷʱ-on- ‘not having drunk’) would been privative bahuvrīhi ‘lacking φρένες’).

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Philologia classica

سال: 2021

ISSN: ['0202-2532', '2618-6969']

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu20.2021.105